What is common in all of them i.e. NAD,FAD,NADP,ATP

Options

A. Adenine
B. Phosphate
C. Ribose
D. All of these

Answer

To determine what is common in NAD, FAD, NADP, and ATP, we can break down the analysis into several steps:

### Step 1: Identify the Expanded Forms
- **NAD**: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- **FAD**: Flavin adenine dinucleotide
- **NADP**: Nicotinamide adenine diphosphate
- **ATP**: Adenosine triphosphate

### Step 2: Analyze the Components
- All four molecules contain **adenine** as part of their structure. This is a nitrogenous base that is crucial in the formation of nucleotides.

### Step 3: Check for Phosphate Groups
- Each of these molecules has **phosphate groups**. ATP has three phosphate groups, while NAD, FAD, and NADP have two or one phosphate groups.

### Step 4: Look for Ribose or Deoxyribose Sugar
- NAD, FAD, and NADP contain a **ribose sugar**, while ATP also contains ribose. This indicates that they are all nucleotides.

### Step 5: Conclusion
- Since all four molecules share the components of adenine, phosphate groups, and ribose sugar, we can conclude that the commonality among NAD, FAD, NADP, and ATP is that they all contain adenine, phosphate groups, and ribose. Therefore, the correct answer is option D: all of these.

### Final Answer
The common elements in NAD, FAD, NADP, and ATP are:
- Adenine
- Phosphate groups
- Ribose sugar

Thus, the answer is **option D: all of these**.

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