Transmission of HIV infection from infected mother to her child occurs through

Options

A. Liver
B. Placenta
C. Skin
D. None of these

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding HIV Transmission**: HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) can be transmitted from an infected mother to her child. This is a critical aspect of understanding how the virus spreads, especially during pregnancy.

2. **Identifying the Route of Transmission**: The primary route through which HIV is transmitted from mother to child is the placenta. The placenta serves as a vital interface between the mother and the fetus, allowing for the exchange of substances.

3. **Functions of the Placenta**: The placenta has several important functions:
- **Gas Exchange**: It facilitates the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the mother and fetus.
- **Nutrient Transfer**: Essential nutrients are transferred from the mother to the fetus through the placenta.
- **Hormone Secretion**: The placenta secretes hormones that are crucial for maintaining pregnancy.
- **Protection**: It provides a degree of protection to the fetus from certain infections and harmful substances.

4. **Risk of HIV Transmission**: If the mother is HIV positive, the virus can cross the placenta and infect the fetus. This is a significant risk during pregnancy, and it highlights the importance of prenatal care and monitoring for HIV in pregnant women.

5. **Conclusion**: Therefore, the correct answer to the question regarding how HIV infection is transmitted from an infected mother to her child is through the placenta.

**Final Answer**: Transmission of HIV infection from an infected mother to her child occurs through the placenta.

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