Average temperature of thermal spring and deep sea hydrothermal vents exceeds

Options

A. `50^@C`
B. `60^@C`
C. `70^@C`
D. `100^@C`

Answer

To answer the question regarding the average temperature of thermal springs and deep-sea hydrothermal vents, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Define Thermal Springs and Hydrothermal Vents**:
- Thermal springs are natural hot springs that are heated by geothermal energy from the Earth's interior. They often have temperatures significantly higher than the surrounding environment.
- Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are openings in the sea floor that emit heated water, also resulting from geothermal activity. The water can reach extremely high temperatures due to the heat from magma beneath the ocean floor.

2. **Identify Temperature Range**:
- The average temperature of thermal springs typically exceeds 100 degrees Celsius. This is because the water is heated by geothermal energy.
- Similarly, deep-sea hydrothermal vents can also have temperatures that exceed 100 degrees Celsius, often reaching up to 400 degrees Celsius or more due to the extreme conditions under the ocean.

3. **Highlight the Presence of Organisms**:
- In both thermal springs and hydrothermal vents, the only organisms that thrive in such extreme conditions are Archaeobacteria. These microorganisms are adapted to survive in high-temperature environments.

4. **Conclude with the Answer**:
- Therefore, we conclude that the average temperature of thermal springs and deep-sea hydrothermal vents exceeds 100 degrees Celsius.

### Final Answer:
The average temperature of thermal springs and deep-sea hydrothermal vents exceeds **100 degrees Celsius**.

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