Match the following columns.
`{:("","Column-I","","Column-II"),(A,"Bergmann's rule",1,"Vertebrae of fish"),(B,"Allen's rule",2,"narrow wings of bire"),(C,"Rensch's rule",3,"extremities of mammals"),(D,"Jordon's rule",4,"size of bird and mammal"):}`

Options

A. `{:(A,B,C,D),(4,2,3,1):}`
B. `{:(A,B,C,D),(1,4,3,2):}`
C. `{:(A,B,C,D),(4,3,2,1):}`
D. `{:(A,B,C,D),(1,2,4,3):}`

Answer

To solve the matching question, we need to understand the definitions and implications of each rule in Column-I and how they relate to the descriptions in Column-II. Let's break it down step by step:

### Step 1: Understand Bergmann's Rule
Bergmann's rule states that animals in colder climates tend to be larger than those in warmer climates. This is because larger bodies retain heat better than smaller ones.

**Hint:** Think about how size affects heat conservation in different climates.

### Step 2: Understand Allen's Rule
Allen's rule suggests that the limbs (extremities) of animals in colder climates are shorter and thicker compared to those in warmer climates. This adaptation helps to minimize heat loss.

**Hint:** Consider how body shape and limb length can influence heat retention.

### Step 3: Understand Rensch's Rule
Rensch's rule relates to sexual dimorphism, indicating that in species where males are larger than females, the degree of size difference increases with the size of the species.

**Hint:** Reflect on how size differences between genders can vary across species.

### Step 4: Understand Jordan's Rule
Jordan's rule states that the number of vertebrae in fish tends to increase with latitude. This means that fish in colder regions often have more vertebrae than those in warmer regions.

**Hint:** Think about how environmental factors like temperature can influence anatomical features in fish.

### Step 5: Match the Rules with the Descriptions
Now, let's match each rule from Column-I with the appropriate description from Column-II:

- **A (Bergmann's rule)** matches with **4 (size of bird and mammal)** because larger sizes are found in colder climates.
- **B (Allen's rule)** matches with **3 (extremities of mammals)** since it describes shorter and thicker limbs in colder climates.
- **C (Rensch's rule)** matches with **2 (narrow wings of birds)**, as it relates to sexual dimorphism in size.
- **D (Jordan's rule)** matches with **1 (vertebrae of fish)**, as it describes the increase in vertebrae with latitude.

### Final Matching:
- A → 4
- B → 3
- C → 2
- D → 1

### Conclusion:
The correct matches are:
- A (Bergmann's rule) → 4 (size of bird and mammal)
- B (Allen's rule) → 3 (extremities of mammals)
- C (Rensch's rule) → 2 (narrow wings of birds)
- D (Jordan's rule) → 1 (vertebrae of fish)

### Final Answer:
The correct option is **Option 3**.

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