The fungus boletus associated with the pinus roots is an example of

Options

A. keystone species
B. link species
C. ectomycorrhiza
D. both 2 and 3

Answer

To solve the question regarding the fungus Boletus associated with the roots of Pinus, we need to analyze the type of relationship that exists between the fungus and the plant. Here’s a step-by-step solution:

### Step 1: Understand the Relationship
The fungus Boletus forms a symbiotic association with the roots of Pinus (pine trees). This type of relationship is crucial for nutrient exchange.

**Hint:** Consider what type of relationship fungi typically have with plant roots.

### Step 2: Identify the Type of Symbiosis
The relationship between Boletus and Pinus is a type of mycorrhizal association, specifically ectomycorrhiza. In ectomycorrhizal associations, the fungus envelops the root tips of the plant and aids in nutrient absorption, particularly phosphorus.

**Hint:** Recall the different types of mycorrhizal associations and their characteristics.

### Step 3: Evaluate the Options
1. **Keystone Species**: This refers to species that have a disproportionately large effect on their environment relative to their abundance. This is not applicable here.
2. **Link Species**: This term is less commonly used in ecology and does not specifically describe the relationship between fungi and plant roots.
3. **Ectomycorrhiza**: This is the correct term for the type of association we are discussing.
4. **Both 2nd and 3rd**: Since option 2 is not a standard term for this relationship, this option cannot be correct.

**Hint:** Analyze each option carefully and relate them back to the definition of mycorrhizal associations.

### Step 4: Conclusion
Based on the analysis, the best answer to the question is that the fungus Boletus associated with the roots of Pinus is an example of **ectomycorrhiza**.

**Final Answer:** Ectomycorrhiza