Which one of the following is not included under in-situ conservation?

Options

A. National park
B. Santuary
C. Botanical garden
D. Biosphere reserve

Answer

To solve the question "Which one of the following is not included under in-situ conservation?", we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understand the Concept of In-situ Conservation**:
- In-situ conservation refers to the conservation of species in their natural habitats. This includes protecting ecosystems and natural habitats to maintain biodiversity.

2. **Identify the Options**:
- The options given are:
- National Park
- Sanctuary
- Botanical Garden
- Biosphere Reserve

3. **Analyze Each Option**:
- **National Park**: This is a protected area established for the conservation of wildlife and natural resources in their natural environment. It is an example of in-situ conservation.
- **Sanctuary**: Similar to national parks, wildlife sanctuaries are areas where animals are protected from hunting and habitat destruction. This is also in-situ conservation.
- **Botanical Garden**: These are places where plants are cultivated for scientific, educational, and ornamental purposes. They do not conserve plants in their natural habitats but rather in controlled environments, making them an example of ex-situ conservation.
- **Biosphere Reserve**: These are areas designated to promote and demonstrate a balanced relationship between people and nature, and they also serve as in-situ conservation areas.

4. **Determine the Correct Answer**:
- Based on the analysis, the Botanical Garden is not included under in-situ conservation as it represents ex-situ conservation.

5. **Final Answer**:
- The correct answer is **Botanical Garden**.