Bioindicators for air pollution is

Options

A. Cladonia and mosses
B. Coral
C. Trout fish
D. E.coli

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Bioindicators**:
- Bioindicators are living organisms that can provide information about the health of an ecosystem. They help in assessing the impact of environmental changes, including pollution.

2. **Types of Bioindicators**:
- Bioindicators can include various organisms such as plants, microbes, and animals. They are sensitive to changes in their environment, making them useful for monitoring pollution levels.

3. **Focus on Air Pollution**:
- For air pollution specifically, certain organisms are more effective as bioindicators. These organisms can absorb pollutants directly from the air, making them suitable for detecting air quality.

4. **Examples of Bioindicators for Air Pollution**:
- **Lichens**: These are symbiotic associations between fungi and algae. They are particularly sensitive to air quality because they absorb nutrients and pollutants directly from the atmosphere. An example of a lichen is **Cladonia**.
- **Bryophytes**: These are non-vascular plants, including mosses and liverworts. They also absorb water and nutrients from the air, making them good indicators of air pollution. An example of a bryophyte is **mosses**.

5. **Evaluating the Options**:
- **Option 1: Cladonia and Mosses**: Both are valid bioindicators for air pollution.
- **Option 2: Coral**: Not a bioindicator for air pollution; it indicates temperature changes.
- **Option 3: Trout Fish**: This fish is a bioindicator for heavy metal exposure, not air pollution.
- **Option 4: E. coli**: This bacterium indicates fecal pollution, not air pollution.

6. **Conclusion**:
- The correct answer to the question "Bioindicators for air pollution is" is **Option 1: Cladonia and Mosses**.