Which one is functional to vertebrate liver ?

Options

A. Chloragogen cells
B. Hepatic caeca
C. Calciferous glands
D. all of these

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Question**: The question asks which structure functions similarly to the vertebrate liver.

2. **Identifying the Options**: The options provided include:
- A) Chloragogene cells
- B) Hepatixica
- C) Calciferous gland

3. **Analyzing Chloragogene Cells**:
- Chloragogene cells are found in insects.
- These cells are responsible for storing glycogen and producing neurotoxins.
- The presence of glycogen in these cells is a key similarity to the vertebrate liver, which also stores glycogen.

4. **Analyzing Hepatixica**:
- Hepatixica are organs found in cockroaches.
- They function by secreting digestive juices but do not store glycogen.
- Therefore, they do not resemble the liver in function.

5. **Analyzing Calciferous Gland**:
- The calciferous gland is involved in excretion, specifically excreting calcium carbonate crystals.
- This function does not relate to the storage of glycogen or any liver-like function.

6. **Conclusion**: Based on the analysis, the structure that functions similarly to the vertebrate liver is the **Chloragogene cells**, as they store glycogen, just like the liver.

### Final Answer:
The correct option is **Chloragogene cells**.

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