Which of the following is not associated with phylum arthropoda

Options

A. Alary muscle
B. Tergosternal muscle
C. Elytra
D. Aristotle's lantern

Answer

To solve the question "Which of the following is not associated with phylum Arthropoda?", we will analyze each option provided:

1. **Ailery Muscle**:
- Ailery muscles are triangular-shaped muscles found in the heart of cockroaches. They help increase the pumping force of the heart during respiration. Since cockroaches belong to the phylum Arthropoda, ailery muscles are associated with Arthropoda.

2. **Turgosternal Muscle**:
- The turgosternal muscle is responsible for controlling the spiracles (breathing openings) in cockroaches. As cockroaches are part of the phylum Arthropoda, this muscle is also associated with Arthropoda.

3. **Elytra**:
- Elytra are modified hardened forewings found in insects, which are also members of the phylum Arthropoda. Therefore, elytra are associated with Arthropoda.

4. **Aristotle's Lantern**:
- Aristotle's lantern is a structure found in sea urchins, which belong to the phylum Echinodermata. Since sea urchins are not part of Arthropoda, Aristotle's lantern is not associated with phylum Arthropoda.

Based on the analysis, the correct answer is **Aristotle's Lantern** (Option D), as it is the only option not associated with phylum Arthropoda.

### Summary of the Solution:
- Ailery Muscle: Associated with Arthropoda (cockroach).
- Turgosternal Muscle: Associated with Arthropoda (cockroach).
- Elytra: Associated with Arthropoda (insects).
- Aristotle's Lantern: Not associated with Arthropoda (found in sea urchins).

**Final Answer**: Option D - Aristotle's Lantern.