Elements required for photolysis of water

Options

A. Mn, Ca and Cl
B. Mg, Ca and Cl
C. Fe, Cl and Ca
D. Zn, Mn and Cl

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Photolysis of Water**:
- Photolysis of water is a crucial process that occurs during the light reactions of photosynthesis. It involves the splitting of water molecules (H2O) into oxygen (O2), protons (H+), and electrons (e-).

2. **Role of Photosystem II**:
- This process takes place in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts and is initiated by light energy absorbed by Photosystem II.

3. **Elements Required**:
- Several mineral ions are essential for the photolysis of water. The key elements required include:
- **Manganese (Mn)**: It plays a vital role in the water-splitting complex of Photosystem II.
- **Calcium (Ca)**: It is involved in stabilizing the structure of the oxygen-evolving complex.
- **Chlorine (Cl)**: It is also necessary for the proper functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus.

4. **Byproduct of the Reaction**:
- The photolysis of water results in the release of oxygen as a byproduct, which is essential for aerobic life on Earth.

5. **Conclusion**:
- The elements required for the photolysis of water are manganese, calcium, and chlorine.