`C_(4)` plants do not show photorespiration because

Options

A. First stable product is `C_(4)` acid
B. Dimorphic chloroplasts are present
C. `C_(4)` pathway is more energy consuming
D. Cooperative photosynthesis is present

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding C4 Plants**: C4 plants are a group of plants that have a unique photosynthetic pathway. They are adapted to hot and dry environments and have specialized structures in their leaves.

2. **Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM)**: C4 plants utilize a special type of leaf anatomy known as "Kranz anatomy." This anatomy is characterized by the presence of two types of chloroplasts: dimorphic chloroplasts, which are found in mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells.

3. **Carbon Fixation Process**: In C4 plants, carbon fixation occurs in two stages. The initial fixation of carbon dioxide occurs in the mesophyll cells, where it is converted into a four-carbon compound (oxaloacetic acid, OAA). This compound is then transported to the bundle sheath cells.

4. **Avoidance of Photorespiration**: Photorespiration is a process that can occur in plants when oxygen levels are high and carbon dioxide levels are low. However, in C4 plants, the concentration of carbon dioxide is maintained at a higher level due to the efficient carbon fixation process. This high concentration of carbon dioxide prevents the occurrence of photorespiration.

5. **Conclusion**: Therefore, C4 plants do not show photorespiration because of their unique leaf anatomy (Kranz anatomy), the presence of dimorphic chloroplasts, and the ability to maintain high concentrations of carbon dioxide, which enhances the efficiency of photosynthesis.

### Final Answer:
C4 plants do not show photorespiration because they have a unique leaf structure known as Kranz anatomy, which includes dimorphic chloroplasts in mesophyll and bundle sheath cells, allowing them to maintain high levels of carbon dioxide concentration, thereby preventing photorespiration.

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