`C_(4)` plants have higher net photosynthetic rate because

Options

A. They have no photorespiration
B. They have PEP as `CO_(2)` acceptor
C. They can photosynthesize in low light intensity
D. They have Kranz type of anatomy

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding C4 Plants**: C4 plants have a unique photosynthetic pathway known as the C4 cycle. This allows them to efficiently fix carbon dioxide (CO2) even under conditions that would typically limit photosynthesis in other plants.

**Hint**: Remember that C4 plants have a specialized method of photosynthesis that differs from C3 plants.

2. **Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) Anatomy**: The leaves of C4 plants exhibit a special anatomical structure known as Kranz anatomy. This structure is characterized by the arrangement of mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells.

**Hint**: Kranz anatomy is a key feature that distinguishes C4 plants from C3 plants.

3. **Location of Photosynthesis**: In C4 plants, photosynthesis occurs in two distinct locations: the mesophyll cells and the bundle sheath cells. The initial fixation of CO2 occurs in the mesophyll cells.

**Hint**: Identify the two locations where photosynthesis takes place in C4 plants.

4. **Role of Enzymes**: The enzyme PEP carboxylase is present in the mesophyll cells and is responsible for the initial fixation of CO2. It converts phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP) into oxaloacetic acid.

**Hint**: Focus on the specific enzymes involved in the C4 pathway and their functions.

5. **Rubisco in Bundle Sheath Cells**: In the bundle sheath cells, the enzyme Rubisco is present, which is responsible for the Calvin cycle, leading to the production of glucose. Unlike in C3 plants, the presence of Rubisco in C4 plants is optimized to minimize photorespiration.

**Hint**: Rubisco plays a crucial role in the Calvin cycle, but its activity can lead to inefficiencies in C3 plants.

6. **Absence of Photorespiration**: One of the key advantages of C4 plants is that they do not undergo photorespiration, a process that wastes energy and reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis. This absence allows C4 plants to maintain a higher net photosynthetic rate.

**Hint**: Consider how photorespiration affects the overall efficiency of photosynthesis.

7. **Conclusion**: The higher net photosynthetic rate in C4 plants is primarily due to the absence of photorespiration, allowing them to efficiently convert CO2 into sugars, especially under conditions of high light intensity and temperature.

**Hint**: Summarize the main reason for the higher net photosynthetic rate in C4 plants.

### Final Answer:
C4 plants have a higher net photosynthetic rate because they do not undergo photorespiration, allowing for more efficient carbon fixation and sugar production.