The possible advantages of absence of Grana in chloroplast of `C_(4)` leaves is

Options

A. Division of labour
B. More formation of malic acid
C. No competition between oxygen and carbon dioxide for active sites of enzyme RuBisCo
D. Occurrence of excessive photolysis of water

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Grana**: Grana are stacks of thylakoids found in the chloroplasts of C3 plants. They play a crucial role in light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, where light energy is converted into chemical energy.

2. **Absence of Grana in C4 Plants**: C4 plants, such as maize and sugarcane, lack grana in their chloroplasts. This structural difference is significant as it affects how these plants perform photosynthesis.

3. **Function of Grana**: The main functions of grana include:
- **Light Harvesting**: Grana are involved in capturing light energy.
- **Energy Flow Control**: They help regulate the energy flow between Photosystem I and Photosystem II.

4. **Advantages of Absence of Grana in C4 Plants**:
- **No Competition Between Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide**: In C4 plants, the absence of grana means there is less competition for the active site of the enzyme Rubisco between oxygen and carbon dioxide. This allows for more efficient carbon fixation.
- **Enhanced Control of Photosynthesis**: C4 plants can better regulate their photosynthetic processes without the constraints imposed by grana, allowing them to thrive in high-temperature environments.

5. **Conclusion**: The primary advantage of the absence of grana in C4 plants is that it minimizes competition between oxygen and carbon dioxide for Rubisco, leading to more efficient photosynthesis, especially under conditions where C3 plants may struggle.