Home
Class 12
BIOLOGY
While chlorella is rapidly growing in a...

While chlorella is rapidly growing in an environment of `CO_(2)` the light is turned off and `14C_(2)` is introduced the distribution of radioactivity during this light to dark change is then studied there was a marked increase in compound A and decrease in compound B

A

A is pgal and b is pga

B

a is pga and b is dhap

C

a is rubp and b is pga

D

a is pga nd b is rubp

Text Solution

AI Generated Solution

The correct Answer is:
To solve the question regarding the distribution of radioactivity in Chlorella when light is turned off and `14CO2` is introduced, we can break down the process step by step: ### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Understanding the Initial Conditions**: - Chlorella is a photosynthetic organism that grows in an environment rich in `CO2`. - While it is actively photosynthesizing, the light is suddenly turned off. 2. **Introduction of Radioactive Carbon**: - `14CO2` (radioactive carbon dioxide) is introduced into the environment. - The purpose of introducing `14CO2` is to trace the incorporation of carbon into various compounds during the light-to-dark transition. 3. **Impact of Light Turned Off**: - When the light is turned off, the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis cease. - This means that the production of ATP and NADPH (the energy carriers) stops. 4. **Understanding the Calvin Cycle**: - The Calvin cycle has three main phases: carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration. - In the carbon fixation phase, `CO2` is fixed into a 3-carbon compound called phosphoglyceric acid (PGA). 5. **Radioactive Carbon Incorporation**: - Since `14CO2` is introduced, the PGA formed will contain the radioactive carbon. - In the absence of light, the reduction of PGA to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) will be limited due to the lack of ATP and NADPH. 6. **Observing Changes in Compounds**: - As a result of the light being off, the concentration of PGA (Compound A) will increase because it is being produced from the fixation of `14CO2`. - Conversely, the concentration of G3P (which is derived from PGA) and ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP, Compound B) will not increase significantly because the reduction process is limited by the lack of ATP and NADPH. 7. **Conclusion**: - Therefore, Compound A (which increased) is phosphoglyceric acid (PGA), and Compound B (which decreased) is ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). ### Final Answer: - Compound A is **Phosphoglyceric Acid (PGA)**. - Compound B is **Ribulose Bisphosphate (RuBP)**.
Promotional Banner

Similar Questions

Explore conceptually related problems

Identify A to E. Pyrolusite on heating with KOH in the presence of air gives a dark green compound (A). The solution of (A) on treatment with H_2SO_4 gives a purple coloured compound (B) , which gives the following reactions: (a). KI on reaction with alkaline solution of (B) changes into a compound (C). (b). The colour of the compoud (B) disappears on treatment with the acidic solution of FeSO_4 . (c). With conc. H_2SO_4 compound (B) gives (D) which can compose to yield (E) and oxygen.

Paramagnetism is a property due to the presence of unpaired electrons. In case of transition metals, as they contain unpaired contain unpaired electrons in the (n-1) d orbitals , most of the transition metal ions and their compounds are paramagnetic . Paramagnetism increases with increases in number of unpaired electrons. Magnetic moment is calculated from 'spin only formula' Vz mu=sqrt(n(n+2)) B.M n="number of unpaired electrons" Similarly the colour of the compounds of transition metals may be attributed to the presence of incomplete (n-1) d sub-shell. When an electron from a lower energy of d-orbitals is excited to a higher energy d-orbital, the energy of excitation corresponds to the frequency of light absorbed. This frequency generally lies in the visible region. The colour observed corresponds to complementry colour of the light obserbed. The frequency of the light absorbed is determined by the nature of the ligand. Titanium shows magnetic moments of 1.73 BM in its compound. What is the oxidation state of titanium in the compound?

Paramagnetism is a property due to the presence of unpaired electrons. In case of transition metals, as they contain unpaired electrons in the (n-1)d orbitals, most of the transition metal ions and their compounds are paramagnetic. Paramagnetism increases with increases in number of unpaired electrons. Magnetic moment is calculated from '"Spin only formula"' viz. mu = sqrt(n(n+2)) B.M. n = no . of unpaired electrons Similarly the colour of the compounds of transition metals may be attributed to the presence of incomplete (n-1)d subshell. When an electron from a lower energy of d-orbital is excited to a higher energy d-orbital, the energy of excitation corresponding to the frequency of light absorbed. This frequency generally lies in the visible region. The colour observed correponds to complementary colour of the light absorbed. The frequency of the light absorbed is determined by the nature of the ligand. Titanium shows magnetic moment of 1.7 BM in its compound. What is the oxidation state of titanium in the compound?

I. Arrange the compounds of (a) in the order of decreasing boiling points and (b) in the order of decreasing solubility in water. (A) (1) Ethanol, (2) Propane, (3) Pentanol (B) (1) Butane, (2) 1,2,3-Pentane triol, (3) Butyl alcohol (C) (1) Pentane, (2) Pentanol, (3) Hexanol II. Arrange the following in the decreasing order of their boiling points. (A) (1) C_(3)H_(8) , (2) C_(2)H_(5)OH , (3) (CH_(3))_(2)O , (4) HOH_(2)C----CH_(2)OH (B) (1) 3-pentanol, (2) n-Pentane, (3) 2,2-Dimethyl propanol, (4) n-Pentanol III. Arrange the following alcohols (a) in the decreasing order of their boilling points and (b) in the decreasing order of their solubility in water. (1) n-Butyl alcohol (2) sec-Butyl alcohol and (3) tert-Butyl alcohol IV. Arrange the following compounds in the order of their increasing boiling points. (1) CH_(3)COC1 , (2) (CH_(3)CO)_(2)O , (3) CH_(3)CONH_(2) , (4) CH_(3)COOH

The transition metals and their compounds have paramagnetic properties. This is due to the reason that ions of transition metals have unpaired electrons in (n-1)d orbitals. As the number of unpaired Sc to Mn, the paramagnetic character increases accodingly. From Mn onwards, this character decreases as electrons get paired up. The paramagnetic behaviour is expressed in terms of magnetic moment which is because of the spin of unpaired electron (n). It is given as Magnetic moment = sqrt(n(n+2))B.M Majority of transition metal compounds are coloured both in solid state as well as in aqueous solution. due to d-d transition in which unpaired electrons from the lower energy d-orbitals are transferred to higher energy d-orbitals. The energy of this transition correspond to the radiation in visibe region. Thus, when white light falls on such a transition metal compound, some light energy corresponding to a particular colour is absorbed and one or more electrons are raised from lower energy set of orbitals to those of higher energy. With the absorption of radiations corresponding to specific colour from the white light, a colour known asd the complementary colour is observed or transmitted. A compound of metal ion M^(x+) (z = 24) has a spin only magnetic moment of sqrt(15)B.M. The number of unpaired electrons in the metal ion of the compound are

The transition metals and their compounds have paramagnetic properties. This is due to the reason that ions of transition metals have unpaired electrons in (n-1)d orbitals. As the number of unpaired Sc to Mn, the paramagnetic character increases accodingly. From Mn onwards, this character decreases as electrons get paired up. The paramagnetic behaviour is expressed in terms of magnetic moment which is because of the spin of unpaired electron (n). It is given as Magnetic moment = sqrt(n(n+2))B.M Majority of transition metal compounds are coloured both in solid state as well as in aqueous solution. due to d-d transition in which unpaired electrons from the lower energy d-orbitals are transferred to higher energy d-orbitals. The energy of this transition correspond to the radiation in visibe region. Thus, when white light falls on such a transition metal compound, some light energy corresponding to a particular colour is absorbed and one or more electrons are raised from lower energy set of orbitals to those of higher energy. With the absorption of radiations corresponding to specific colour from the white light, a colour known asd the complementary colour is observed or transmitted. The compound which have the same magnetic moment like that of FeCl_(2)

Thin films, including soap bubbles and oil slicks, show patterns of alternating dark and bright regions resulting from interference among the reflected light waves. If two waves are in phase their crest and troughs will coincide. The interference will be constructive and the aplitude of the resultant wave will be greater than the amplitude of either constituent wave. if the two waves are out of phase, the crests of one wave will coincide with the troughs of the other wave. The interference will be destructive and the amplitude of the resultant wave will be less than that of either constituent wave. at the interface between two transparent media some light is reflected and some light is refracted. * When incident light, reaches the surface at point a, some of the light is reflected as ray R_(a) and and some is refracted following the path ab to the back of the film. *At point b some of the light is refracted out of the film and part is reflected back refracted out of the fiml as ray R_(c) . R_(a) and R_(c) are parallel. However, R_(c) has travelled the extra distance within the film of abc. if the angle of incidence is small then abc is approximately twice the film's thickness. if R_(a) and R_(c) are in phase they will undergo constructive interference and the region ac will be bright if R_(a) and R_(c) are out of phase, they will undergo destructive interference. * Refraction at an interface never changes the phase of the wave. * For reflection at the interface between two media 1 and 2, if n_(1)ltn_(2) the reflected wave will change phase by pi . if n_(1)gtn_(2) the reflected wave will not undergo a phase change. for reference n_(air)=1.00 * if the waves are in phase after refection at all interfaces, then the effects of path length in the film are Constructive interference occur when (n= refractive index) 2t=mlamda//n" "m=0,1,2,3... .. Destructive interference occurs when 2t=(m+1//2)lamda//n" "m=0,1,2,3... Q. A 600 nm light is perpendicularly incident on a soap film suspended in air. The film is 1.00 mum thick with n=1.35. Which statement most accurately describes the interference of the light reflected by the two surfaces of the film?

(a) Explain how the intensity of diffraction pattern changes as the order (n) of the diffraction band varies. (b) Two wavelengths of sodium light 590 nm and 596 nm are used in turn to study the diffraction at a single slit of size 4mm. The distance between the slit and screen is 2m. Calculate the separation between the positions of the first maximum of the diffraction pattern obtained in the two cases.