_______ enzymes changes PA to ethyl alcohol

Options

A. oxidase
B. decarboxylase
C. phosphatase
D. decarboxylase and dehydrogenase

Answer

To answer the question "_______ enzymes change PA to ethyl alcohol," we need to identify the specific enzymes involved in the conversion of pyruvic acid (PA) to ethyl alcohol (ethanol). Here’s a step-by-step breakdown of the process:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Pyruvic Acid (PA)**:
- Pyruvic acid, also known as pyruvate, is a three-carbon compound that is produced during glycolysis from glucose.

2. **Anaerobic Pathway**:
- When oxygen is not available, pyruvate can undergo fermentation instead of entering the Krebs cycle. This process is known as anaerobic respiration.

3. **Conversion Process**:
- The conversion of pyruvic acid to ethyl alcohol involves two main steps: decarboxylation and reduction.

4. **Decarboxylation**:
- The first step involves the removal of a carbon dioxide molecule from pyruvic acid. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme **decarboxylase**.
- This step converts pyruvic acid (3 carbons) into acetaldehyde (2 carbons) by releasing CO2.

5. **Reduction**:
- The second step involves the reduction of acetaldehyde to ethanol. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme **dehydrogenase**.
- During this step, NADH (produced during glycolysis) donates electrons, converting acetaldehyde into ethyl alcohol (ethanol) and regenerating NAD+.

6. **Final Answer**:
- Therefore, the two enzymes that convert pyruvic acid to ethyl alcohol are **decarboxylase** and **dehydrogenase**.

### Final Answer:
**Decarboxylase and Dehydrogenase**

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