Where does HMS operate

Options

A. Mitochondria
B. Liver
C. Cytoplasm
D. Peroxisomes

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding the Question**: The question asks where HMS (Hexose Monophosphate Shunt) operates. This pathway is also known as the Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP).

2. **Evaluating the Options**:
- **Option 1: Mitochondria**: This option is incorrect. The mitochondria are primarily involved in cellular respiration, not in the Hexose Monophosphate Shunt.
- **Option 2: Liver**: This option is also incorrect. While the liver does play a crucial role in metabolism and stores glucose in the form of glycogen, it is not the site where the HMS operates.
- **Option 3: Cytoplasm**: This is the correct answer. The Hexose Monophosphate Shunt operates in the cytoplasm and is a significant source of NADPH and 5-carbon sugars.
- **Option 4: Peroxisomes**: This option is incorrect. Peroxisomes are involved in the beta-oxidation of fatty acids, not in the HMS.

3. **Conclusion**: Based on the evaluation of the options, the Hexose Monophosphate Shunt operates in the **cytoplasm**.

**Final Answer**: The Hexose Monophosphate Shunt (HMS) operates in the **cytoplasm**.

---