By which method testa is made permeable to water

Options

A. Vernalisation
B. Scarification
C. Stratification
D. Imbibition

Answer

To answer the question "By which method is the testa made permeable to water?", we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Testa**: The testa is the outer seed coat of a seed that protects the embryo. For seeds to germinate, the testa must become permeable to water.

2. **Identifying Methods**: The question provides several methods that could potentially make the testa permeable to water. These methods include:
- Vernalization
- Scarification
- Stratification
- Imbibition

3. **Evaluating Each Method**:
- **Vernalization**: This method involves exposing plants to low temperatures to induce flowering. It does not affect the permeability of the seed coat. Thus, this option is incorrect.

- **Scarification**: This method involves weakening, opening, or altering the seed coat to allow water to penetrate. This can be done through thermal, mechanical, or chemical means. Scarification is effective in making the testa permeable to water, making this option correct.

- **Stratification**: This method involves treating seeds to simulate natural conditions that promote germination. It does not directly make the testa permeable to water, so this option is incorrect.

- **Imbibition**: This is the process where seeds absorb water, but it does not refer to a method of making the testa permeable. Therefore, this option is also incorrect.

4. **Conclusion**: Based on the evaluations, the correct method that makes the testa permeable to water is **scarification**.

### Final Answer:
The method by which the testa is made permeable to water is **scarification**.

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