Induction of seed dormancy and removal of seed dormancy is promoted by

Options

A. ABA and cytokinin
B. Cytokinin and ABA
C. ABA and ethylene
D. Auxins and gibberellins

Answer

To answer the question regarding the induction and removal of seed dormancy, we need to analyze the roles of different plant hormones involved in these processes.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Seed Dormancy**:
- Seed dormancy is a state in which seeds do not germinate even under favorable environmental conditions (adequate temperature, moisture, and light). This is a survival mechanism that allows seeds to remain viable until conditions are optimal for germination.

2. **Identifying the Hormones**:
- The key hormones involved in seed dormancy are Abscisic Acid (ABA) and Ethylene.
- ABA is known to induce seed dormancy, while Ethylene is known to promote the breaking of dormancy.

3. **Role of Abscisic Acid (ABA)**:
- ABA is often referred to as the stress hormone. It plays a crucial role in closing the stomata during water stress and inhibits germination, thereby inducing dormancy in seeds.

4. **Role of Ethylene**:
- Ethylene is a gaseous hormone that promotes ripening in fruits and is also responsible for breaking seed dormancy. It facilitates the germination process by counteracting the effects of ABA.

5. **Conclusion**:
- Based on the roles of these hormones, we conclude that:
- **Induction of Seed Dormancy**: Promoted by **Abscisic Acid (ABA)**.
- **Removal of Seed Dormancy**: Promoted by **Ethylene**.

6. **Final Answer**:
- Therefore, the correct answer to the question is that the induction of seed dormancy is promoted by **ABA**, and the removal of seed dormancy is promoted by **Ethylene**.