During polymerase chain reaction , which primers are used for initiating the process .

Options

A. DNA primer
B. RNA primer
C. DNA and RNA primer
D. None of them

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding PCR**: Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify a specific segment of DNA outside of a living organism (in vitro). This process allows for the replication of DNA fragments, making many copies for analysis.

2. **Denaturation**: The first step in PCR involves denaturing the double-stranded DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the strands, resulting in two single strands of DNA.

3. **Primers in PCR**: Primers are short sequences of nucleotides that provide a starting point for DNA synthesis. In PCR, specific primers are needed to initiate the replication of the target DNA segment.

4. **Type of Primers Used**: The primers used in PCR are DNA primers, specifically oligonucleotides that typically consist of 8 to 9 nucleotides. These primers bind to the single-stranded DNA at specific sites to provide a starting point for DNA polymerase.

5. **Direction of Primers**: The primers are designed to bind in the 5' to 3' direction of the new DNA strand being synthesized. This ensures that DNA polymerase can extend the primer and synthesize the new DNA strand.

6. **Conclusion**: In summary, the primers used to initiate the process of PCR are DNA primers (option A). RNA primers are not used in PCR; they are utilized in the replication of DNA within living cells.

**Final Answer**: The primers used for initiating the process during polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are DNA primers.

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