Chemical digestion of food (hydrolysis) is initiated in the

Options

A. stomach
B. duodenum
C. buccal cavity
D. ileum

Answer

### Step-by-Step Text Solution:

1. **Understanding Chemical Digestion**: Chemical digestion refers to the process of breaking down large complex food molecules into simpler nutrients through the action of enzymes. This process involves hydrolysis, where water is used to break chemical bonds.

2. **Identifying the Site of Initiation**: The question asks where chemical digestion is initiated. The options provided are:
- A. Stomach
- B. Duodenum
- C. Buccal cavity
- D. Ileum

3. **Role of Salivary Glands**: In the human body, the salivary glands are located in the buccal cavity (mouth). These glands produce saliva, which is essential for the initial stages of digestion.

4. **Composition of Saliva**: Saliva is composed of water, electrolytes, mucus, and enzymes. The key enzymes present in saliva include:
- Lysozyme
- Salivary amylase

5. **Function of Salivary Amylase**: Salivary amylase is a crucial enzyme that begins the chemical digestion of carbohydrates. It specifically acts on starch, breaking it down into maltose (a simpler sugar).

6. **Extent of Digestion in Buccal Cavity**: Approximately 30% of starch is hydrolyzed in the buccal cavity due to the action of salivary amylase, which operates optimally at a pH of around 6.8.

7. **Conclusion**: Based on the information provided, chemical digestion (hydrolysis) is initiated in the buccal cavity.

### Final Answer:
Chemical digestion of food (hydrolysis) is initiated in the **Buccal cavity** (Option C).

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