Substances absorbed actively from glomerular filtrate is

Options

A. Glucose
B. Amino acids
C. `Na^(+)`
D. All the above

Answer

To answer the question "Substances absorbed actively from glomerular filtrate is?", we will analyze the options provided and identify which substances are actively reabsorbed in the kidneys.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Glomerular Filtrate**: The glomerular filtrate is the fluid that passes from the blood into the kidney tubules. It contains water, electrolytes, and small molecules, including waste products and nutrients.

2. **Active Reabsorption**: Active reabsorption refers to the process where substances are transported from the filtrate back into the blood against their concentration gradient, requiring energy (ATP).

3. **Analyzing the Options**:
- **Option 1: Glucose**: Glucose is actively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule. In fact, nearly 100% of glucose that enters the filtrate is reabsorbed back into the bloodstream.
- **Option 2: Amino Acids**: Similar to glucose, amino acids are also actively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule, with about 100% reabsorption.
- **Option 3: Sodium**: Sodium ions are actively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule as well, with approximately 60-70% of sodium being reabsorbed actively.
- **Option 4: All of the above**: Since glucose, amino acids, and sodium are all actively reabsorbed, this option is correct.

4. **Conclusion**: All three substances listed (glucose, amino acids, and sodium) are actively absorbed from the glomerular filtrate. Therefore, the correct answer is **Option 4: All of the above**.

### Final Answer:
The substances absorbed actively from the glomerular filtrate are glucose, amino acids, and sodium, making the correct answer **Option 4: All of the above**.

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