Which of the following would result in a decrease in the volume of urine produced

Options

A. An increase in blood pressure at the afferent arteriole
B. A massive loss of blood from a wound
C. Drinking 500 mL of tea
D. Consumption of alcohol which inhibits the secretion of ADH.

Answer

To determine which of the options would result in a decrease in the volume of urine produced, we need to analyze each option based on how they affect kidney function and urine production.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Role of ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone)**:
- ADH is a hormone that regulates water balance in the body. It promotes the reabsorption of water in the kidneys, which decreases urine volume.

**Hint**: Remember that ADH helps the body retain water, leading to less urine production.

2. **Analyzing Each Option**:
- **Option 1: Increase in blood pressure at the efferent arteriole**:
- An increase in blood pressure at this site would typically lead to increased filtration in the kidneys, which would not decrease urine volume. In fact, it may lead to increased urine production due to higher glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

**Hint**: Consider how blood pressure affects filtration in the kidneys.

- **Option 2: Massive loss of blood from a wound**:
- When there is significant blood loss, the body experiences reduced blood volume. This can lead to decreased blood flow to the kidneys, which triggers the release of ADH. Increased ADH levels result in more water reabsorption and less urine output.

**Hint**: Think about how the body responds to low blood volume and its effect on urine production.

- **Option 3: Drinking 500 ml of tea**:
- Consuming a large volume of fluid, such as tea, increases the amount of water in the body. This can dilute ADH levels, leading to increased urine production as the kidneys excrete the excess fluid.

**Hint**: Consider how fluid intake influences urine output.

- **Option 4: Consumption of alcohol**:
- Alcohol inhibits the secretion of ADH, leading to decreased water reabsorption in the kidneys. This results in increased urine production.

**Hint**: Reflect on how substances like alcohol affect hormone levels related to urine production.

3. **Conclusion**:
- The option that would result in a decrease in the volume of urine produced is **Option 2: Massive loss of blood from a wound**. This situation causes the body to conserve water by increasing ADH levels, leading to reduced urine output.

### Final Answer:
**Massive loss of blood from a wound** would result in a decrease in the volume of urine produced.