Which part is not included in vestibular apparatus ?

Options

A. Semi-circular canals
B. Otolith organ
C. Saccule and utricle
D. None of these

Answer

To determine which part is not included in the vestibular apparatus, we need to first identify the components that are part of the vestibular apparatus.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Vestibular Apparatus**: The vestibular apparatus is a structure located in the inner ear that is crucial for balance and spatial orientation. It consists of several components.

2. **Identifying the Components**:
- **Semicircular Canals**: There are three semicircular canals that are part of the vestibular apparatus. They help in detecting rotational movements.
- **Otolith Organs**: This includes the utricle and saccule, which are responsible for detecting linear accelerations and the effects of gravity.
- **Saccule and Utricle**: These are specific types of otolith organs. They contain sensory structures called maculae that help in balance and orientation.

3. **Listing the Options**: The options provided in the question are:
- Semicircular canals
- Otolith organ
- Saccule
- Utricle
- None of these

4. **Analyzing the Options**:
- Semicircular canals, otolith organs, saccule, and utricle are all parts of the vestibular apparatus.
- The option "None of these" implies that all the listed parts are included in the vestibular apparatus.

5. **Conclusion**: Since all the mentioned parts (semicircular canals, otolith organ, saccule, utricle) are components of the vestibular apparatus, the correct answer to the question "Which part is not included in vestibular apparatus?" is **None of these**.

### Final Answer:
**None of these** (All parts listed are included in the vestibular apparatus).

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