During transcription of RNA

Options

A. DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyst the polymerisation in direction `5' rarr 3'`
B. The DNA strand that has the polarity `5' rarr 3'` acts as a template
C. The strand which does not code for anything is referred to as noncoding strand
D. The genetic information from both strands of the DNA is copied into RNA. There is single DNA - dependent RNA polymerase that catalyses transcription of all types of RNA in bacteria.

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Transcription**: Transcription is the process by which RNA is synthesized from a DNA template. It involves the enzyme RNA polymerase, which catalyzes the formation of RNA.

**Hint**: Remember that transcription is the first step in gene expression where DNA is converted into RNA.

2. **Role of RNA Polymerase**: RNA polymerase is DNA-dependent, meaning it uses DNA as a template to synthesize RNA. It catalyzes the polymerization of ribonucleotides into a growing RNA strand.

**Hint**: Focus on the term "DNA-dependent" to understand the relationship between DNA and RNA synthesis.

3. **Direction of Synthesis**: RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA in the 5' to 3' direction. This means that the new RNA strand will grow by adding nucleotides to the 3' end.

**Hint**: Recall that nucleic acid synthesis always occurs in the 5' to 3' direction.

4. **Template Strand**: During transcription, the DNA strand that serves as the template for RNA synthesis is the one that runs in the 3' to 5' direction. This allows the RNA strand to be synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction.

**Hint**: Identify which DNA strand is used as a template by checking its polarity.

5. **Coding and Non-Coding Strands**: In a double-stranded DNA molecule, one strand is referred to as the coding strand (which has the same sequence as the RNA produced, except for uracil replacing thymine) and the other as the non-coding or template strand. The non-coding strand is the one that RNA polymerase uses to synthesize RNA.

**Hint**: Distinguish between coding and non-coding strands based on their roles during transcription.

6. **Genetic Information Transfer**: Only the information from the template strand is copied into RNA. If both strands were copied, the resulting RNA would be double-stranded, which is not the case in typical transcription processes.

**Hint**: Remember that transcription results in a single-stranded RNA molecule.

7. **Bacterial Transcription**: In bacteria, there is a single type of RNA polymerase that is responsible for synthesizing all types of RNA (mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA).

**Hint**: Keep in mind the simplicity of bacterial transcription compared to eukaryotic transcription, which involves multiple RNA polymerases.

**Final Summary**: During transcription, RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA from a DNA template in the 5' to 3' direction, using the 3' to 5' strand of DNA as the template. Only the template strand is copied, and in bacteria, a single RNA polymerase catalyzes the process for all types of RNA.

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