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RNA polymerase binds to promoter and ini...

RNA polymerase binds to promoter and initiates transcription (Initiation). It uses

A

Nucleoside triphosphates as substrate

B

Nucleotide triphosphates as substrate

C

Nucleoside monophosphates as substrate

D

Nucleotide monophosphates as substrate

Text Solution

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The correct Answer is:
**Step-by-Step Solution:** 1. **Understanding RNA Polymerase Function**: RNA polymerase is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the process of transcription. It binds to a specific region of DNA known as the promoter to initiate the synthesis of RNA. 2. **Identifying the Role of the Promoter**: The promoter is a sequence of DNA that signals the start of a gene. RNA polymerase recognizes and binds to this region, which is essential for the initiation of transcription. 3. **Transcription Process**: During transcription, RNA polymerase synthesizes messenger RNA (mRNA) from the DNA template. This process occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. 4. **Nucleosides vs. Nucleotides**: - A **nucleoside** consists of a base (adenine, guanine, cytosine, or uracil) and a sugar (ribose in RNA). - A **nucleotide** includes a base, a sugar, and one or more phosphate groups. Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). 5. **Substrates for RNA Polymerase**: RNA polymerase requires nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) as substrates for RNA synthesis. These NTPs are the activated forms of nucleotides that provide the necessary components for building the RNA strand. 6. **Importance of Nucleoside Triphosphate**: The correct substrate for RNA polymerase during transcription initiation is nucleoside triphosphate (NTP). This is because NTPs are the precursors that RNA polymerase incorporates into the growing RNA molecule. 7. **Conclusion**: Therefore, the correct answer to the question is that RNA polymerase uses **nucleoside triphosphate** as the substrate to initiate transcription. ---
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