Choose the homologous organs from the given options .
I. Vertebrate hearts
II. Vertebrate brains
III. Thorn and tendrils of Bougainvillea and Cucurbita
IV. Sweet potato & potato
The correct combination is

Options

A. I and II
B. II and III
C. III and IV
D. I ,II and III

Answer

To determine the homologous organs from the given options, we need to understand the concept of homologous structures. Homologous organs are those that share a common origin and basic structure but may have different functions.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understand Homologous Structures**:
- Homologous organs arise from a common ancestor and have similar anatomical features, even if they serve different functions in the organisms.

2. **Analyze the Options**:
- **I. Vertebrate hearts**:
- All vertebrates (fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals) have hearts that are structurally similar (chambered hearts), despite differences in function and complexity. Thus, vertebrate hearts are homologous.
- **II. Vertebrate brains**:
- Similarly, vertebrate brains share a common structure (neurons, neural canals) across different species, even though their functions may vary based on the organism's needs. Therefore, vertebrate brains are also homologous.
- **III. Thorn and tendrils of Bougainvillea and Cucurbita**:
- Both thorns and tendrils are modifications of auxiliary buds. They have a similar origin but serve different functions (protection vs. climbing), making them homologous.
- **IV. Sweet potato & potato**:
- Sweet potato is a root tuber, while potato is a stem tuber. They serve the same function (food storage) but have different structures, indicating they are analogous, not homologous.

3. **Conclusion**:
- The homologous organs from the options are:
- I. Vertebrate hearts
- II. Vertebrate brains
- III. Thorn and tendrils of Bougainvillea and Cucurbita
- The correct combination is **I, II, and III**.

### Final Answer:
The correct combination of homologous organs is **I, II, and III**.

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