What are non-ideal solution ? Give example.

Explanation

Ideal solutions: The soluteions which obey Raoult.s law over the entire range of concentration are known as ideal solutions. Ideal solutions are formed by mixing the two components which are identical in molecular size, in structure and have almost identical intermolecular forces.
Examples:
(i) Benzene and toulene
(ii) n-Hexane and n-Heptane
(iii) Chlorobenzene and bromobenzene.
Characteristics:
(i) They must obey Raoult.s law.
(ii) `Deleta H` mixing should be zero.
(iii) `Delta V` mixing should be zero, i.e., voluem change on mixing is zero.
Non-ideal solutions: The solutions which do not obey Raoult.s law are called non-ideal solutions. In case of non-deal solutions there is a change in volume and heat energy when the two components are mixed.
Characteristics:
(i) They does not obey Raoult.s law.
(ii) `Delta V` mix `ne 0`
(iii) `Delta H` mix `ne 0`

Behaviour of Ideal Solutions: a plot of `P_(1) or P _(2)` varsus the mole fraction `x _(1) and x_(2)` for an ideal solution gives a linear plot.
These Lines (I and II) pass through the points and respectively when `x _(1) and x_(2)` is equal to unity. Similarly the plot (Line III) of `P _("total")` varsus `x_(2)` is also linear.
The minimum valur of `P _("total")` is `P _(1) ^(0)` and the maximum value is `P _(2) ^(0),` assuming that component 1 is less volatile than component 2, i.e., `P_(1) ^(@) lt P _(2) ^(@).`