Explain about sp hybridisation with suitable example.

Explanation

(i) Bond formation in Berylium chloride takes place by sp hybridisation.
(ii) The valence shell of Beryllium has the electronic contiguration as follows:

(iii) In `BeCl_(2)` both the Be-Cl Bonds are equivalent and it was observed that the molecule is near. VB theory explains this observed behaviour by sp hybridisation. One of the paired electrons in the 2s orbital gets excited to 2p orbital.
(iv) Now the 2s and 2p orbitals hybridise and produce two equivalent sp hybridised orbitals which have 50% s-character and 50% p-characte. These sp hybridised orbitals are oriented in opposite direction.
(v) Each of the sp hybridised orbitals linearly overlap with `p_(z)` orbital of the chlorine to form a