Explain about `sp^(3)d^(2)` hybridisation with an example.

Explanation

(i) In sulphur hexafluoride `SF_(6),` the central atom sulphur extend its octet to undergo `sp^(3)d^(2)` hybridisation to generate six `sp^(3)d^(2)` hybridised orbitals which accounts for six equivalent S - F bonds.
(ii)he ground state electronic configuration of sulphur is `[Ne]3s^(2)" "3p_(x)^(1)" "3p_(x)^(1)" "3p_(x)^(1)" "3p_(z)^(1)`

(iii) One electron cach form 3s orbital and 3p orbital of sulphur is promoted to its two vacant 3d orbitals `d_(z)2 and d_(x)2_(-y)2` in the excited state.

(iv) A toal of six valence orbitals from sulphur (one 3s orbital. three 3p orbitals and two 3d orbitals) `(d_(z2)and d_(x)2_(-y)2)` which mixes to give six equivalen `sp^(3) d^(2)` hybridised orbitals. The orbital geometry is octahedral.
(v) The six `sp^93)d^(2)` hybridised orbitals of sulphur overlaps linearly with `2p_(z)` orbital of six fuorine atoms to form the six S-F bonds in sulphur hexafluoride.