Who is not associated with the artificial system of classification?

Options

A. Pliny
B. Theophrastus
C. Hutchinson
D. Linnaeus

Answer

To determine who is not associated with the artificial system of classification, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understand the Question**: We need to identify which botanist is not linked to the artificial system of classification.

2. **Define Artificial Classification**: The artificial system of classification groups plants based on observable morphological characteristics rather than anatomical or genetic features. This system categorizes plants into broad categories like shrubs, herbs, and trees.

3. **Review the Options**:
- **Option 1: Pliny** - He is known for his broad classifications in the artificial system.
- **Option 2: Theophrastus** - He contributed to the artificial classification system as well.
- **Option 3: Harshingsons** - He also provided an artificial system of classification.
- **Option 4: Linnaeus** - He is known as the father of modern taxonomy and classified plants based on anatomical features, moving beyond the artificial system.

4. **Analyze Each Botanist**:
- **Pliny**: Associated with the artificial system.
- **Theophrastus**: Associated with the artificial system.
- **Harshingsons**: Associated with the artificial system.
- **Linnaeus**: Not associated with the artificial system; he focused on a more modern, systematic approach.

5. **Conclusion**: Since Linnaeus is the only botanist among the options who is not associated with the artificial system of classification, the correct answer is **Option 4: Linnaeus**.

### Final Answer:
**Option 4: Linnaeus**