Write a short note on different types of salts.

Explanation

Types of salts: (1) Normal salts: When all the `H^(+)` ions furnished by the acid molecule are replaced by the metal ions, the salts formed are called normal salts. These salts are formed durning complete neutralization.
Examples : `2NaOH + H_(2)SO_(4) rarr Na_(2)SO_(4) + 2H_(2)O`
`" "2H_(3)PO_(4) + 3Ca(OH)_(2) rarr Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2) + 6H_(2)O`
(2) Acidic salts: When a dibasic acid or tribasic acid is treated with a base and less number of `H^(+)` ions are replaced by the metal ions of base, the salt formed is still left with at least one hydrogen. The salt can further undergo neutralization and form normal salt. Such salt is called acidic salt. These salts furnish hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. These salts are formed by partial neutralization.
Example: `NaOH + H_(3)PO_(4) rarr NaH_(2)PO_(4) + H_(2)O`
`" "NaOH + NaH_(2)PO_(4) rarr Na_(2)HPO_(4) + H_(2)O`
(3) Basic salts: When a diacidic base or triacidic base is treated with an acid less number of `OH^(-)` ions are replaced by the negative ion of acid, the salt formed is still left with at least one `OH^(-)` ion. The salt can further undergo neutralization to form normal salt. Such salts are called basic salts. These salts furnish hydroxyl ions when dissolved in water. These salts are formed by partial neutralizaton.
Example: `Ca(OH)_(2) + HC1 rarr Ca(OH)(C1) + H_(2)O` ltBrgt (4) Double salts: The salts which contain more than one simple salt are called double salts. These salts undergo complete dissociation in the aqueous solutions. They gie reactions of all ions present in both the simple salts of all the ions present in both the simple salts.
Example: (i) Mohr's salt - `FeSO_(4)*(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)*6H_(2)O`.
This dissociates into `Fe^(2+), NH_(4)^(+), SO_(4)^(-2)` ions and gives their individual chemical test.
(ii) Potash alum - `K_(2)SO_(4)*A1_(2)(SO_(4))_(3)*24H_(2)O`.
(5) Mixed salts: The salts which contain more than one basic or acidic radicals are called mixed salts. These salts undergo complete dissociation in aqueous solutions. They gives the reaction of the ions produced in aqueous solutions.
Examples: (i) Sodium potassium carbonate (`NaKCO_(3)) (Na^(+), K^(+) "and" CO_(3)^(-2)` radicals)
(ii) Bleaching powder (`CaOC1_(2)) (Ca^(++), OC1^(-), C1^(-)` radicals)
(6) Complex salts: The salt which contains one or more simple ions and one complex ion is called complex.
A complex ion is made up of group of atoms which does not undergo further dissociation into individual atoms or ions and act as a complete units. ltBrgt These salts undergo dissociation into a complex ion and a simple ion.
Example: (i) Potassium ferrocyanide `K_(4)[Fe(CN)_(6)]`
`K_(4)[Fe(CN)_(6)] underset("dissociation") rarr" "underset("Simple ion")(4K^(+))" "+" "underset("Complex ion")([Fe(CN)_(6)]^(4-)`
(ii) Sodium argentocyanide `Na [Ag (CN)_(2)]`