Which radiations causes DNA damgage leading to neoplasitc trnsformations ?
(a) Ionising radiations
(b) X-rays
(c) Non-ionising radiations
(d) UV-rays

Options

A. a and b
B. b and d
C. a and b
D. a,b,c and d

Answer

To determine which type of radiation causes DNA damage leading to neoplastic transformations, we can analyze the options provided:

1. **Understanding Neoplastic Transformation**: Neoplastic transformation refers to the process by which normal cells become cancerous. This transformation is often initiated by DNA damage.

2. **Types of Radiation**:
- **Ionizing Radiation**: This type of radiation has enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms, creating ions. It can directly damage DNA, leading to mutations and potentially cancer. Examples include X-rays and gamma rays.
- **X-rays**: These are a form of ionizing radiation and can cause DNA damage, leading to neoplastic transformation.
- **Non-ionizing Radiation**: This type of radiation does not carry enough energy to ionize atoms or molecules. It generally has lower energy and is less likely to cause DNA damage directly.
- **UV Rays**: These are a type of non-ionizing radiation. While they can cause DNA damage (e.g., by forming pyrimidine dimers), they are not classified as ionizing radiation.

3. **Conclusion**:
- Ionizing radiation, including X-rays, is known to cause significant DNA damage that can lead to neoplastic transformations.
- While UV rays can also cause DNA damage, they are classified as non-ionizing radiation.

Based on this analysis, the correct answer to the question is:

**(a) Ionising radiations**