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Assertion: Prevention or early dectectio...

Assertion: Prevention or early dectection and cure of STDs are given prime consideration under the RCH programmes
Reason: STDs are a major threat to a healthy society.

A

If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

B

If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

C

If assertion is true but reason is false.

D

If both assertion and reason are false.

Text Solution

Verified by Experts

The correct Answer is:
A
Prevention or early detection and cure of STDs are give prime consideratio under the RCH programmes as STDs are a major threat to a healthy society.
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Assertion: Patients with STD's often go undetected for a long period in our society. Reason (B): Social stigmas, asymptomatic patients contribute to the delay of timely detection of STD's.

In the following question a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as : Assertion (A): Sharing of injection needles between two individuals is not recommended. Reason (R): This transmits STDs like AIDS and Hepatitis from the diseased person to the healthy person.

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions: Reduction of carboxylic acids and their derivatives plays an important role in organic synthesis, in both laboratory and industrial processes. Traditionally, the reduction is performed using stochiometric amounts of hydride reagents, generating stochiometric amounts of waste. A much more attractive, atom-economical approach is a catalytic reaction using H_2 , however, hydrogenation of carboxylic acid derivatives under mild conditions is a very challenging task, with amides presenting the highest challenge among all classes of carbonyl compounds. Very few examples of the important hydrogenation of amides to amines, in which the C-O bond is cleaved with the liberation of water (Scheme 1), were reported. C-O cleavage of amides can also be affected with silanes as reducing agents. We have now prepared the new, dearomatized, bipyridine-based pincer complex 3, catalyst 3(Here refered as Cat. 3). Remarkably, it efficiently catalyzes the selective hydrogenation of amides to form amines and alcohols (eq 1). The reaction proceeds under mild pressure and neutral conditions, with no additives being required. Since the reaction proceeds well under anhydrous conditions, hydrolytic cleavage of the amide is not involved in this process. (Balaraman, E., Gnanaprakasam, B., Shimon, L. J., & Milstein, D. (2010). Direct hydrogenation of amides to alcohols and amines under mild conditions. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 132(47), 16756-16758.) In the following questions, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices on the basis of the above passage. Assertion: Use of hydride catalyst or hydrogen brings about cleavage of C-O bond in amides. Reason: Hydride catalyst or hydrogen cause to reduction of amides.

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions: Reduction of carboxylic acids and their derivatives plays an important role in organic synthesis, in both laboratory and industrial processes. Traditionally, the reduction is performed using stochiometric amounts of hydride reagents, generating stochiometric amounts of waste. A much more attractive, atom-economical approach is a catalytic reaction using H_2 , however, hydrogenation of carboxylic acid derivatives under mild conditions is a very challenging task, with amides presenting the highest challenge among all classes of carbonyl compounds. Very few examples of the important hydrogenation of amides to amines, in which the C-O bond is cleaved with the liberation of water (Scheme 1), were reported. C-O cleavage of amides can also be affected with silanes as reducing agents. We have now prepared the new, dearomatized, bipyridine-based pincer complex 3, catalyst 3(Here refered as Cat. 3). Remarkably, it efficiently catalyzes the selective hydrogenation of amides to form amines and alcohols (eq 1). The reaction proceeds under mild pressure and neutral conditions, with no additives being required. Since the reaction proceeds well under anhydrous conditions, hydrolytic cleavage of the amide is not involved in this process. (Balaraman, E., Gnanaprakasam, B., Shimon, L. J., & Milstein, D. (2010). Direct hydrogenation of amides to alcohols and amines under mild conditions. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 132(47), 16756-16758.) In the following questions, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices on the basis of the above passage. Assertion: The use of catalyst 3 is an efficient method of preparation of primary amines Reason: Use of catalyst 3 is a step down reaction.

Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of these. Financial exclusion is the main cause of poverty. Lack of opportunities and access to finance besides financial illiteracy are the main causes of financial exclusion. Financial inclusion is proving to be a major thorn in the path of Indian economic growth. Access to finance by the poor, disadvantaged and unprivileged group is a prerequisite for poverty reduction and social upliftment. One of the main reasons why the large section of the rural population still remains under below poverty line is lack of opportunities and access to finance besides financial illiteracy. Large sections of the rural population have no access to financial services and their only recourse is to borrow from money lenders, who charge exorbitant rates. Also, ignorance is rife, with concepts like insurance virtually unheard of. One of the main reasons why mass poverty is persisting in India is that the problem of financing the poor still remains unresolved (RBI, 2011a), with almost all states show more than 60% of populations below the poverty line. Projections based on NSSO data present a disturbing picture as population cut offs for average consumption for almost all states fall between the sixth and seventh deciles, statistics for which are available in its report “Key indicators of household expenditure in India.” Further fine-tuned, they deliver a precise percentage of population below the average spends (Sunday Times, 2012). The large section of population below the expenditure curve also points to a worrying inequity in incomes, something that should concern planners as the government looks to target benefits for those who need them through initiatives like food security and employment guarantees (Sunday Times, 2012). Source: http://www.lcbr- rchives.com/media/files/Manojkumar- Gandhi. pdf As per the passage, which of the followings are a prerequisite for poverty reduction and social upliftment? I. Financial inclusion of the poor and the under privileged section of the society is a necessary prerequisite for poverty reduction and social upliftment. II. Financial exclusion of the poor and the under privileged section of the society is a necessary prerequisite for poverty reduction and social upliftment. III. The poor and the under privileged section of the society need to be financially educated in order to reduce poverty and gain social upliftment

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions: Within the 3d series, manganese exhibits oxidation states in aqueous solution from +2 to +7, ranging from Mn^(2+)(aq) to MnO_(4)^(-) (aq). Likewise, iron forms both Fe^(2+)(aq) and Fe^(3+)(aq) as well as the FeO_(4)^(2-) ion. Cr and Mn form oxyions CrO_(4)^(2-) , MnO_(4)^(-) , owing to their willingness to form multiple bonds . The pattern with the early transition metals-in the 3d series up to Mn, and for the 4d, 5d metals up to Ru and Os—is that the maximum oxidation state corresponds to the number of ‘‘outer shell’’ electrons. The highest oxidation states of the 3d metals may depend upon complex formation (e.g., the stabilization of Co^(3+) by ammonia) or upon the pH (thus MnO_(4)^(2-) (aq) is prone to disproportionation in acidic solution). Within the 3d series, there is considerable variation in relative stability of oxidation states, sometimes on moving from one metal to a neighbor, thus, for iron, Fe^(3+) is more stable than Fe^(2+) , especially in alkaline conditions, while the reverse is true for cobalt. The ability of transition metals to exhibit a wide range of oxidation states is marked with metals such as vanadium, where the standard potentials can be rather small, making a switch between states relatively easy. (Cotton, S. A. (2011). Lanthanides: Comparison to 3d metals. Encyclopedia of inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry.) In the following questions, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices on the basis of the above passage. Assertion: The highest oxidation states of the 3d metals depends only on electronic configuration of the metal. Reason: The number of electrons in the (n-1)d and ns subshells determine the oxidation states exhibited by the metal.

Assertion: In India, there is rapid, decline in infant mortality rate and MMR. Reason: In India, more and more attention is being given to RCH programmes.

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