The core technique(s) that enabled the birth of modern biotechnology is/are

Options

A. Genetic engineering
B. Maintenance of sterile ambiance in chemical engineering processes to enable growth of only the desired microbe/eukaryotic cell in large quantities for the manufacture of biotechnological products like antibiotics, vaccines, enzymes, etc
C. Both A and B
D. None of the above

Answer

C

Explanation

The two core techniques that enabled birth of modern biotechnology ate:
(1) Genetic engineering: Techniques to alter the chemistry of genetic material (DNA and RNA), to introudce these into host organisms and thus change the phenotype of the host organism
(2) Maintenances of sterile (microbial contamination free) ambience in chemical engineering processes to enable growth of only desired microbe or eukaryotic cell in large quantities for the maufacture of biotechnological products like antibiotics, vaccine and enzymes, etc