A patient had tested positive to ELISA Test. Identify the disease and the pathogen responsible, give reasons for the reduced/ weak immunity of the patient and trace the path, spread and effects of this pathogen in the human body.

Explanation

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Identify the Disease and Pathogen:**
- The patient tested positive for the ELISA test, which is commonly used to detect antibodies against the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Therefore, the disease is Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), and the pathogen responsible is the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).

2. **Reasons for Reduced/Weak Immunity:**
- HIV primarily targets and infects helper T cells (CD4+ T cells), which are crucial for the immune response. As the virus replicates, it leads to the destruction of these cells. A significant reduction in helper T cells impairs the body’s ability to mount an effective immune response, resulting in weakened immunity. This makes the patient more susceptible to opportunistic infections and diseases.

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