Why does a paramagnetic sample display g...

Why does a paramagnetic sample display greater magnetisation (for the same magnetising field) when cooled?

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At lower temperatures the tendency of disruption of alignment of the magnetic dipoles decreases.

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Answer the following questions: (a) Why does a paramagnetic sample display greater magnetization (for the same magnetizing field) when cooled. (b) Why is diamagnetism, in contrast, almost independent of temperature? (c) If a toroid uses bismuth for its core, will the field in the core be (slightly) greater or (slightly) less than when the core is empty? (d) Is the permeability of a ferromagnetic material independent of the magnetic field? If not, is it more for lower or higher fields? (e) Magnetic field lines are always nearly normal to the surface of a ferromagnet at every point (This fact is analogous to the static electric field lines being normal to the surface of a conductor at every point). Why? (f) Would the maximum possible magnetization of a paramagnetic sample be of the same order of magnitude as the magnetization of a ferromagnet?

Assertion: A paramagnetic sample display greater magnetisation (for the same magnetising field) when cooled. Reason: The magnetisation does not depend on temperature.

A: Paramagnetic sample displays greater magnetisation (for the magnetizing field) when cooled. R: The tendency to disrupt the alignment of dipoles (with the magnetising field) arising from random thermal motion is reduced at lower temperatures.

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