Explain in detail the modern structure of atom.

Explanation

The modern concept of atom envisages the following arrangement of fundamental paricles in an atom.
(i) The protons and neutrons are concentrated in a small region at the centre of an atom . This central part iis known as nucleus . The protons and neutrons present inside the nucleus are called nucleons.
(ii) The size of the nucleus is very small when compared to the size of the size of atom . that means , there is vast empty space in the atom.
(iii) Electrons revolve round the nucleus in a definnite fixed path which are called orbits or shells.
(iv) In an atom , the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons inside the nucleus . since the protons and electrons carry equal and opposite charges , an atom is electrically neutral.
(v) The varous orbits or shell are named as K, L, M, N . . . . or 1, 2, 3, 4 . . . . . and so on . the of the maximum number of electrons in the varous orbits are 2, 8, 18 , 32 . . . respectively . the energy of the orbit increases with increse in distance from the nucleus.
(vi) The outermost shell is called valance shell and it can never have more than 8 electrons in any atom.