Home
Class 12
BIOLOGY
Assertion: Ecosystems are exempt from th...

Assertion: Ecosystems are exempt from the Second Law of thermodynamics.
Reason: Ecosystems need a constant supply of energy to synthesise the moelcules they require, to counteract the universal tendency towards decreasing disorderliness.

A

If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion.

B

If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion.

C

If assertion is true but reason is false.

D

If both assertion and reason are false.

Text Solution

AI Generated Solution

The correct Answer is:
To analyze the assertion and reason provided in the question, we can follow these steps: ### Step 1: Understand the Assertion The assertion states that "Ecosystems are exempt from the Second Law of thermodynamics." We need to evaluate if this statement is true or false. **Evaluation**: The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that in any energy transfer or transformation, the total entropy (disorder) of a closed system can never decrease over time. Ecosystems are not exempt from this law; they are subject to it just like any other system. Therefore, the assertion is **false**. ### Step 2: Understand the Reason The reason provided states that "Ecosystems need a constant supply of energy to synthesize the molecules they require, to counteract the universal tendency towards decreasing disorderliness." **Evaluation**: This statement is true. Ecosystems require a constant input of energy (primarily from the sun) to maintain order and support life processes, which involves synthesizing necessary molecules. This energy input helps to counteract the natural tendency towards increased entropy (disorder). Therefore, the reason is **true**. ### Step 3: Determine the Relationship Between Assertion and Reason Now, we need to determine if the reason correctly explains the assertion. **Evaluation**: Since the assertion is false, it cannot be explained by the reason, regardless of whether the reason is true or false. The reason does not support the assertion because the assertion itself is incorrect. ### Conclusion - Assertion: **False** - Reason: **True** - The reason does not provide a correct explanation for the assertion. ### Final Answer The assertion is false, and the reason is true. The reason does not explain the assertion. ---
To analyze the assertion and reason provided in the question, we can follow these steps: ### Step 1: Understand the Assertion The assertion states that "Ecosystems are exempt from the Second Law of thermodynamics." We need to evaluate if this statement is true or false. **Evaluation**: The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that in any energy transfer or transformation, the total entropy (disorder) of a closed system can never decrease over time. Ecosystems are not exempt from this law; they are subject to it just like any other system. Therefore, the assertion is **false**. ### Step 2: Understand the Reason ...
Promotional Banner

Topper's Solved these Questions

  • ECOSYSTEM

    A2Z|Exercise Section C: (PREVIOUS YEARS' EXAMINATION QUESTIONS) NEET/AIMPT Questions|59 Videos

  • ECOSYSTEM

    A2Z|Exercise Section C: (PREVIOUS YEARS' EXAMINATION QUESTIONS) AIIMS Questions|11 Videos

  • ECOSYSTEM

    A2Z|Exercise Section A: Topicwise Questions (topic 7: Nutrient Cycling And Ecosystem Services) Carbon Cycle And P|21 Videos

  • BIOTECHNOLOGY: PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES

    A2Z|Exercise Section D: Chapter-end Test|50 Videos

  • ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

    A2Z|Exercise Section D : Chapter-end Test|50 Videos

Similar Questions

Explore conceptually related problems

”The energy flow in the ecosystem follows the second law of thermodynamics.” Explain.

Assertion: The loss of biologically useful energy as heat with every energy transfer in a food chain is a consequence of the second law of thermodynamics. Reason: Energy does not remain trapped permanetly in any organism. It is either passed on to higher trophic level or becomes available to detritivores and decomposers after the organism dies.

Assertion : First law of thermodynamics does not forbid flow of heat from lower temperature to higher temperature. Reason : Heat supplied to a system always equal to the increase in its internal energy.

These questions consists of two statements each printed as Assertion and Reason. While answering these question you are required to choose any one of the following five reponses (a) If both Assertion and Reason arecorrect and Reason is the correct explanation of Asserrtion. (b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion. (c ) If Assertion is true but Reason is false. (d) If Assertion is false but Reason is true. Assertion In projectile motion, the rate of change in magnitude of potential energy of a particle first decreases and then increases during motion. Reason In projectile motion, the rate of change in linear momentum of a particle remains constant during motion.

Assertion: Electrons are ejected from a certain metal when either blue or violet light strikes the metal surface. However only violet light cause electron ejection from a second metal. Reason: The electrons in the first metal requires less energy for ejection.

Assertion : When a glass of hot milk is placed in a room and allowed to cool, its entropy decreases. Reason : Allowing hot object to cool does not violate the second law of thermodynamics.

The amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron from an isolated gaseous atom is called as first ionization energy (IE_(1)) . Similarly the amount of energies required to knock out second, third etc. electrons from the isolated and IE_(3)gt IE_(2)gt IE_(1) . (i) Nuclear charge (ii) Atomic size (iii) penetration effect of the electrons (iv) shielding effect of the inner electrons and (b) electronic configurations (exactly half filled and completely filled configurations are extra stable) are the important factors which affect the ionisation energies. Similarly, the amount of energy released when a neutral isolated gaseous atom accepts an extra electron to from gaseous anion is called electron affinity. (X(g)+e^(-)(g)rarr X^(-)(g)+ energy A positive elecrton affinity idicates that the ion X^(-) has a lower more negative energy than the neutral atom X. The second electron affinity for the addition of a second electron to an initially neutral atom is negative because the electron replusion outweights the nuclear attraction, e.g., O(g)+e^(-)overset("Exothermic")rarr O^(-)(g),E_(a)=+141 kJ mol^(-) ....(i) O^(-)(g)+e^(-)overset("Excothermic")rarr, E_(a)=-780 kJ mol^(-) ...(ii) The electron affinity of an element depends upon (i) atomic size (ii) nuclear charge and (iii) electronic configuration. In general, in a group, ionisation energy and electron affinity decrease as the atomic size increases. The members of third period have some higher (e.g., S and Cl) electron affinity values than the members of second period (e.g., O and F) because second period elements have very small atomic size. Hence, there is tendency of electron-electron repulsion, which resultss in less evolution of energy in the formation of correcsponding anion. The first ionisation energy of Na, Mg,AI and Si are in the order of:

The amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron from an isolated gaseous atom is called as first ionization energy (IE_(1)) . Similarly the amount of energies required to knock out second, third etc. electrons from the isolated and IE_(3)gt IE_(2)gt IE_(1) . (i) Nuclear charge (ii) Atomic size (iii) penetration effect of the electrons (iv) shielding effect of the inner electrons and (b) electronic configurations (exactly half filled and completely filled configurations are extra stable) are the important factors which affect the ionisation energies. Similarly, the amount of energy released when a neutral isolated gaseous atom accepts an extra electron to from gaseous anion is called electron affinity. (X(g)+e^(-)(g)rarr X^(-)(g)+ energy A positive elecrton affinity idicates that the ion X^(-) has a lower more negative energy than the neutral atom X. The second electron affinity for the addition of a second electron to an initially neutral atom is negative because the electron replusion outweights the nuclear attraction, e.g., O(g)+e^(-)overset("Exothermic")rarr O^(-)(g),E_(a)=+141 kJ mol^(-) ....(i) O^(-)(g)+e^(-)overset("Excothermic")rarr, E_(a)=-780 kJ mol^(-) ...(ii) The electron affinity of an element depends upon (i) atomic size (ii) nuclear charge and (iii) electronic configuration. In general, in a group, ionisation energy and electron affinity decrease as the atomic size increases. The members of third period have some higher (e.g., S and Cl) electron affinity values than the members of second period (e.g., O and F) because second period elements have very small atomic size. Hence, there is tendency of electron-electron repulsion, which resultss in less evolution of energy in the formation of correcsponding anion. Identify the least stable ion amongst the following:

The amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron from an isolated gaseous atom is called as first ionization energy (IE_(1)) . Similarly the amount of energies required to knock out second, third etc. electrons from the isolated and IE_(3)gt IE_(2)gt IE_(1) . (i) Nuclear charge (ii) Atomic size (iii) penetration effect of the electrons (iv) shielding effect of the inner electrons and (b) electronic configurations (exactly half filled and completely filled configurations are extra stable) are the important factors which affect the ionisation energies. Similarly, the amount of energy released when a neutral isolated gaseous atom accepts an extra electron to from gaseous anion is called electron affinity. (X(g)+e^(-)(g)rarr X^(-)(g)+ energy A positive elecrton affinity idicates that the ion X^(-) has a lower more negative energy than the neutral atom X. The second electron affinity for the addition of a second electron to an initially neutral atom is negative because the electron replusion outweights the nuclear attraction, e.g., O(g)+e^(-)overset("Exothermic")rarr O^(-)(g),E_(a)=+141 kJ mol^(-) ....(i) O^(-)(g)+e^(-)overset("Excothermic")rarr, E_(a)=-780 kJ mol^(-) ...(ii) The electron affinity of an element depends upon (i) atomic size (ii) nuclear charge and (iii) electronic configuration. In general, in a group, ionisation energy and electron affinity decrease as the atomic size increases. The members of third period have some higher (e.g., S and Cl) electron affinity values than the members of second period (e.g., O and F) because second period elements have very small atomic size. Hence, there is tendency of electron-electron repulsion, which resultss in less evolution of energy in the formation of correcsponding anion. Which one of the following statements is incorrect in relation to ionisation enthalpy?

A2Z-ECOSYSTEM-Section B: Assertion-reasoning Questions
  1. Assertion : Humus serves as a reservior of nutrients . Reason: Humu...

    Text Solution

    |

  2. Assertion: Low temperature and anaerobiosis inhibit decomposition resu...

    Text Solution

    |

  3. Assertion: All organisms are dependnet for their food on producer eith...

    Text Solution

    |

  4. Assertion: Ecosystems are exempt from the Second Law of thermodynamics...

    Text Solution

    |

  5. Assertion: No energy that is trapped into an organism remains in it fo...

    Text Solution

    |

  6. Assertion: Cockroaches and crows are omnivores. Reason: The natural...

    Text Solution

    |

  7. Assertion: The base of each pyramid represents the top level consumer....

    Text Solution

    |

  8. Assertion: The tropic level represent a functional level, not a specie...

    Text Solution

    |

  9. Assertion: A sparrow in a primary producer when it eats seeds, fruits ...

    Text Solution

    |

  10. Assertion: In most ecosystem , all the pyramids, of number, energy and...

    Text Solution

    |

  11. Assertion: The pyramid of biomass in sea is generally inverted. Rea...

    Text Solution

    |

  12. Assertion: Pyramid of energy can never be inverted. Reason: When ene...

    Text Solution

    |

  13. Assertion: Ass succession proceeds the number and types of animals and...

    Text Solution

    |

  14. Assertion: Succession takes place on very dry areas is called xerarch ...

    Text Solution

    |

  15. Assertion: The rate of succession is much faster in 2^(0) succession a...

    Text Solution

    |

  16. Assertion: Standing state varies in different kinds of ecosystems. R...

    Text Solution

    |

  17. (A) : Nutreints are never lost from the ecosystems (R) : They are re...

    Text Solution

    |

  18. Assertion: The function of the reservoir is to meet with the deficit o...

    Text Solution

    |

  19. Assertion: Healthy ecosystems are the base for a wide range of economi...

    Text Solution

    |

  20. Assertion: Atmosphere or hydrosphere is the reservoir for the carbon c...

    Text Solution

    |