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How would you justify the presence of 18...

How would you justify the presence of `18` elements in the `5th` period of the periodic table?

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The 5th period involves the filling of 5th shell `(n=5).` This period has `4d, 5s and 5p` available orbitals. The total number of available orbitals are 9 and therefore the maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated is 18. Thus, 5th period contains 18 elements.
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