Amongest Be, B, Mg and Al, the second ionization potential is maximum for

Options

A. B
B. Be
C. Mg
D. Al

Answer

To determine which element among Be (Beryllium), B (Boron), Mg (Magnesium), and Al (Aluminum) has the maximum second ionization potential, we will analyze the electronic configurations and the implications of removing a second electron from each element.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Ionization Potential**:
- The second ionization potential (IP) refers to the energy required to remove a second electron from a positively charged ion (A⁺) to form A²⁺.
- The higher the ionization potential, the more energy is required to remove the electron, indicating that it is more difficult to remove.

2. **Write the Electronic Configurations**:
- **Beryllium (Be)**: 1s² 2s²
- **Boron (B)**: 1s² 2s² 2p¹
- **Magnesium (Mg)**: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s²
- **Aluminum (Al)**: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p¹

3. **First Ionization**:
- For each element, we first remove one electron:
- Be → Be⁺ (1s² 2s¹)
- B → B⁺ (1s² 2s² 2p⁰)
- Mg → Mg⁺ (1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹)
- Al → Al⁺ (1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁰)

4. **Second Ionization**:
- Now we analyze the configurations after the first ionization and predict the difficulty of removing the second electron:
- **Be⁺**: 1s² 2s¹ → Removing from 2s¹ (one electron left in 2s)
- **B⁺**: 1s² 2s² → Removing from 2s² (two electrons in 2s)
- **Mg⁺**: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹ → Removing from 3s¹ (one electron in 3s)
- **Al⁺**: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p¹ → Removing from 3s² (two electrons in 3s)

5. **Comparing the Difficulty of Removal**:
- The second ionization potential will be highest for the element where the electron being removed is from a fully filled orbital (more stable) and is closer to the nucleus.
- **Be⁺**: Removing from 2s¹ is easier than from 2s².
- **B⁺**: Removing from 2s² (two paired electrons) is more difficult.
- **Mg⁺**: Removing from 3s¹ is easier than from 3s².
- **Al⁺**: Removing from 3s² (two paired electrons) is more difficult.

6. **Conclusion**:
- The second ionization potential is maximum for **Beryllium (Be)** because removing an electron from the 2s² configuration (where both electrons are paired) is more difficult compared to the others, where the removal involves unpaired or less stable configurations.

### Final Answer:
The second ionization potential is maximum for **Beryllium (Be)**.

---