Zoom Udyog, a car manufacturing Co., has started its business with Zoom 800 and slowly launched Zoom-1000, Wagon-Z, Swy-fy etc. and offered various services like after sale service, availability of spare parts etc. Identify the element of marketting mix referred here.

"Mobile Ltd". is a well-nown automobile manufacturing company in India. The company plants to increase the sale of its Sedan Cars by 20% in the next quarter. In order to achieve this target, the marketing department of the company considered the impact of government policy on the diesel vehicles and they also anticipated the level of competitions they might ahve to face. The team explored the various available options for increase in sale like offering more discounts, providing zero per cent finance, offering free accessories, free service for three years, etc. A thorough analysis of each option was done and finally company decided to offer fre service for next three years. In order to implement the plan, they made various package of service coupons and communicated the same to their dealers. They also started giving the advertisements to make the customers aware of their scheme through various print and electronic medias. A separate team was formed to keep a close watch on the revenue and impact of new scheme on the sale. In the context of the above case...... (a) Name the function of management which is being described in above paragraph. (b) Identify and explain the various steps involved in the process of the function of management as identified in the above para, by quoting the lines from it.

My Car Ltd'. Decided to set up its new car manufacturing factory in the backward area of west Bengal where very less job opportunities were available. People of that area welcomed this effort of 'My Car Ltd.' The company also decided to provide facilities like school, hospital, market, etc. in the factory premises so that the people are attracted to join the factory as workers. 'My Car Ltd.' started earning huge profit. Another competing company asked its production manager Arvind to investigate the reasons of earning huge profits by 'My Car Ltd. Arvind found that in both companies there was systematic coordination among the various activities to achieve organisational goals. Every employee knew who was responsible and accountable to whom. The only difference was in his organisation communication took place only through the scalar chain where as 'My Car Ltd.' was allowing flow of communication in all the directions as per the requirement which led to faster spread of information as well as feed-back. (a) Identify the type of organisation which permits the flow of communication in all the directions in 'My Car Ltd'. (b) Also state an advantage of the type of organisation identified in part (a) above.