How do mammals living in colder regions and seals living in polar regions able to reduce the loss of their body heat ?

Animals living in colder region have shorter tail and ears as compared to the animals living in warmer regions. This phenomenon is called

Mammals living in cold climate have small ears and legs. Which rule do they fulfill?

The archaebacteria living in hot sulphur spring and able to reduce sulphur to H_(2) are

People living in hilly region are advised to use 'iodised salt'.

What is the function of hairy coat in most mammals , blubber in whales and seals and feathers , birds ? How do these animals regulate their body temperature ?

Name two animals each that live in Polar region and Tropical rain forests.

Shorter body extremities in animals living in colder climate is explained by