Gas laws are universally applicable for all gases whereas such universal laws could not be established for solids and liquids. Comment on this statement.

Explanation

Gases differ from solids and liquids in the extent of intermolecular forces of attraction. Since gases are characterised by negligible forces of attraction, the molecules behave independent of the neighbouring molecules. Due to large intermolecular spaces, the coefficient of volume expassion is same for all gases. Moreover, in case of gases, the molecules are considered as point masses and hence, the volume occupied by the molecules is negligible in comparison to the total volume. Therefore, the physical behaviour of all gases being similar, certain laws could be established which are universally applicable. In cases of liquids and solids, the molecules are considered as rigid sheres and the coefficient of volume expansion is not uniform for all substances, such universal laws can be established.