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The vapour pressure of a solution is alw...

The vapour pressure of a solution is always less than of the pure solvent, when the temperature of both the solution and solvent are the same, with the same external pressure acting over them. Explain.

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(i) relation between the vapour pressure of the liquid and its intermolecular forces of attraction
(ii) comparison of the constituents of solution and pure solvent
(iii) comparison of the intermolecular force of attraction existing in the solution and that in the existing pure solvent
(iv) effect on vapour pressure
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Vapour pressure of a solvent containing nonvolatile solute is:

Addition of non-volatile solute to solvent lowers its vapoure pressure. Therefore, the vapour pressure of a solution (i.e, V.P. of solvent in a solution) is lower than that of pure solvent in a solution) is lower than that of pure solvent, at the same temperature. A higher temperature is needed to raise the vapour pressure upto one atmosphere pressure, when boiling point is attined. However, increase in b.pt. is small . for example, 0.1 molal aqueous sucrose solution boils at 10.05^(@)C Sea water, an aqueous solution, which is rich in Na^(+) and Cl^(-) ions, freezes about 1^(@)C lower than frozen water . At the freezing point of a pure-solvent, the reates at which two molecule stick together to form the solid and leave it to return to liquid are equal when solute is present. Few solvent molecules are in contact with surface of solid. However, the rate at which the solvent molecules leave, surface of solid remains unchanged. That is why, temperature is lowered to restore the equalibrium. The freezing depression in a dilute solution is proportional to molality of the solute. The freezing point of benzene solution was 5.4^(@)C . The osmotic pressure of same solution at 10^(@)C is (freezing point of benzene = 5.5^(@)C ). Assume solution to be dilute. [ K_(f) for C_(6)H_(6) is 4.9 K "molality"^(-1) ].

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