Translocation
`**` The transfer of a segment of chromosomes to a non homolegous chromosomes is called translocation Translocation should not be confused with crossing over, in which an exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosome takes place. Translocation occurs as a result of interchange of chromosome segments in non-homologous chromosomes. There are three types:
i. simple translocation
ii. Shift translocation
iii. Reciprocal translocation
i. Simple translocation..... A single break is made in only one chromosome. The broken segment gets attached to one end of a non-homologous chromosome. It occurs very rarely in nature.
ii. Shift translocation.... Broken segment of one chromosome gets inserted interstitially in a non-homologous chromosome.
iii. Reciprocal mutual exchange of chromosomal segments between two non-homologous chromosomes. It is also called illegimate crossing over. It is further divided into two types.
a. Homozygous translocation: Both the chromosomes of two pairs are involved in translocation. Two homologous of each translocated chromosomes are identical.
b. Heterozygous translocation: Only one of the chromosome from each pair of two homologous are involved in translocation. while the remaining chromosome is normal.
Translocation play a major role in the formation of species.
