Write notes on various factors affecting solubility .

Explanation

Factors affecting solubility : There are three main factors which govern the solubility of a solute. They are Nature of the solute and solvent, Temperature, and Pressure.
Nature of the solute and solvent:
(i) The nature of the solute and solvent plays an important role in solubility.
(ii) Solubility is based on the phrase "like dissolves like.” The expression means that dissolving occurs when similarities exist between the solvent and the solute.
For example: Common salt is a polar compound and dissolves readily in polar solvent like water.
(ii) Non-polar compounds are soluble in non-polar solvents. For example, Sulphur dissolves in carbon di sulphide.
Effect of Temperature:
Solubility of Solids in Liquid:
(i) Generally, solubility of a solid solute in a liquid solvent increases with increase in temperature.
(ii) In endothermic process, solubility increases with increase in temperature.
(iii) In exothermic process, solubility decreases with increase in temperature.
Solubility of Gases in liquid:
Solubility of gases in liquid decrease with increase in temperature.
Effect of Pressure:
When the pressure is increased, the solubility of a gas in liquid increase. When pressure is increased, more gas molecules strike the surface of the liquid and mix into the solution.