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What causes the temporary and permanent ...

What causes the temporary and permanent hardness of water ?

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The temporary hardness is due to the presence of bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium i.e., `Ca(HCO_3)_2` and `Mg (HCO_3)_2` in water. On the other hand, permanent hardness is caused by the presence of chlorides and sulphates of calcium and magnesium i.e., `CaCl_2, CaSO_4, MgCl_2 MgSO_4` in water.
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MODERN PUBLICATION-HYDROGEN-NCERT FILE (TEXTBOOK EXERCISES)
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  2. What do you understand by the term 'auto-protolysis' of water? What is...

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  3. Consider the reaction of water with F(2) and suggest, in terms of oxid...

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  5. Describe the structure of the common form of ice.

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  6. What causes the temporary and permanent hardness of water ?

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  7. Discuss the principle and method of softening of hard water by synthet...

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  8. Write chemical reactions to show the amphoteric nature of water.

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  9. Write chemical reactions to justifty that hydrogen peroxide can functi...

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  10. What is meant by 'demineralised water' and how it can be obtained?

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  11. Is demineralised or distilled water useful for drinking purpose? If no...

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  12. Describe the usefulness of water in biosphere and biological systems.

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  13. What properties of water make it useful as a solvent? What types of co...

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  14. Knowing the properties of H(2)O and D(2)O, do you think that D(2)O can...

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  15. What is the difference between hydrolysis and hydration?

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  16. How can saline hydrides remove traces of water from organic compouds?

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  17. What do you expect the nature of hydrides is, it formed by elements of...

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  18. Do you expect different products in solution when aluminium (III) chlo...

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  19. How does H(2)O(2) behave as a bleaching agent?

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  20. What do you understand by the terms: (i) hydrogen economy (ii) hydroge...

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