Out of HCl (g) and `SOCl_(2)` which is preferred for converting ethanol into chloroethane?

Explanation

To convert ethanol (CH3CH2OH) into chloroethane (CH3CH2Cl), we can use either HCl (g) or thionyl chloride (SOCl2). Let's analyze both methods step by step to determine which is preferred.

### Step 1: Reaction with HCl
1. **Starting Material**: Ethanol (CH3CH2OH).
2. **Protonation**: The hydroxyl group (-OH) of ethanol can be protonated by HCl, forming an oxonium ion (CH3CH2OH2+).
3. **Nucleophilic Attack**: The oxonium ion is a better leaving group. The water molecule (H2O) leaves, creating a carbocation (CH3CH2+).
4. **Chloride Ion Attack**: The chloride ion (Cl-) from HCl attacks the carbocation, resulting in the formation of chloroethane (CH3CH2Cl).
5. **Byproduct**: The reaction produces water as a byproduct.
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