आप निम्नलिखित परिवर्तन कैसे करेंगे ?
(i) Ethanol to but-1-yne
(ii) Ethane to bromethane
(iii) Propene to 1-nitropropane
(iv) Toluene to benzyl alcohol
(v) Propene to propyne
(vi) Ethanol to ethyl fluoride
(vii) Bromomethane to propanone
(viii) But-1-ene to but-2-ene
(ix) 1-chlorobutane to n-octane
(x) Benzene to biphenyl

Explanation

(a) `underset("Ethanol")(CH_(3)CH_(2)OH) underset(py)overset(SOCl_(2))to CH_(3)CH_(2)Cl`
`HC-=CH+NaNH_(2) underset(195 K)overset("Liquid" NH_(3))to underset("Sodium acetylide")(HC-=C^(-)Na^(+))`
`CH_(3)CH_(2)Cl+HC-=C^(-)Na^(+) to underset("But-1-yne")(CH_(3)CH_(2)-=CH)+NaCl`
(b) `underset("Ethane")(CH_(3)CH_(3))+Br underset(520-670 K)overset(hv)to underset("Bromoethane")(CH_(3)CH_(2)Br) underset(-KBr)overset("alc. KOH, heat")to underset("Ethene")(CH_(2)=CH_(2)) overset(Br_(2), C Cl_(4))to BrCH_(2)-CH_(2)Br underset(-KBr)overset("alc. KOH, heat")to underset("Bromoethene")(CH_(2)=CHBr)`
(c) `underset("Propene")(CH_(3)CH=CH_(2)) underset("Peroxides")overset(HBr)to underset("1-Bromopropane")(CH_(3)CH_(2)CH_(2)Br) underset(C_(2)H_(5)OH // H_(2)O)overset(AgNO_(2))to underset("1-Nitropropane")(CH_(3)CH_(2)CH_(2)NO_(2))`
(d)
(e) `underset("Propene")(CH_(3)CH=CH_(2)) overset(Br_(2), C Cl_(4))to CH_(3)-underset(Br)underset(|)CH-underset(Br)underset(|)CH_(2) underset(-2KBr, -2H_(2)O)overset(alc. KOH, Delta)to underset("Propyne")(CH_(3)C-=CH)`
(f) `underset("Ethanol")(CH_(3)CH_(2)OH) underset(-SO_(2), -HCl)overset(SOCl_(2), py)to CH_(3)CH_(2)Cl underset(-Hg_(2)Cl_(2))overset(Hg_(2)F_(2))to underset("Ethyl fluotide")(CH_(3)CH_(2)F)`
(g) `underset("Bromoethane")(CH_(3)Br) overset(alc.KCN)to CH_(3)CN underset("ether")overset(CH_(3)MgBr)to [CH_(3)-underset(CH_(3))underset(|)C=NMgBr] underset(-NH_(3),-Mg(OH)Br)overset(H^(+),H_(2)O)to underset("Propanone")(CH_(3)-overset(O)overset(||)C-CH_(3))`
It can also be prepared as:
`CH_(3)Br underset(-NaBr)overset(HC-=CNa^(+))to underset("Propyne")(CH_(3)-C-=CH) underset(330K)overset(H^(+),H_(2)O,Hg^(2+))to underset("Propanone")(CH_(3)-overset(O)overset(||)C-CH_(3))`
(h) `underset("But-1-ene")(CH_(3)CH_(2)CH= CH_(2)) underset("Markovnikov rule")overset(HBr)to CH_(3)C_(2)-underset(Br)underset(|)CH-CH_(3) underset(-HBr)overset(alc. KOH, Delta)to underset("But-2-ene")(CH_(3)CH=CH-CH_(3))`
(i) `underset("1-Chlorobutane")(2CH_(3)CH_(2)CH_(2)CH_(2)Cl)+2Na underset("Wurtz reaction")overset("Dry ether")to underset("n-Octane")(CH_(3)(CH_(2))_(6)CH_(3))+2NaCl`
(j)