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(a) How will you convert an alkyl halide...

(a) How will you convert an alkyl halide into a primary amine having one more carbon atom than the alkyl halide used ?
(b) How can a carboxylic acid be converted into an amine having one less carbon atom than the carboxylic acid used ?

Text Solution

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(a) By heating alkyl halide with `KCN` followed by treatment with `Na, C_(2)H_(5)OH`. For example
`C_(2)H_(5)Cl overset(KCN)(to) C_(2)H_(5)CN underset(4H)overset(Na,C_(2)H_(5)OH)(to) C_(2)H_(5)CH_(2)NH_(2)`

(b) By forming amide which on reacting with `Br_(2)` and `KOH` gives amine having one carbon atom less.
`CH_(3)COOH underset("Heat")overset(NH_(3))(to) CH_(3)CONH_(2) overset(Br_(2),KOH)(to) CH_(3)NH_(2)`

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